Werner heisenberg carl friedrich von weizsäcker

In , the British mathematical physicist Paul Dirac had derived his relativistic wave equation of quantum mechanics, which implied the existence of positive electrons, later to be named positrons.

Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker: A Fifty-Year Friendship*

In fact the smallest units of matter are not physical objects in the ordinary sense; they are forms, ideas which can be expressed unambiguously only in mathematical language". The first, "Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons" "Remarks on Dirac's theory of the positron" was published in , [37] and the second, "Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons" "Consequences of Dirac's Theory of the Positron" , was published in Thus reinterpreting it as a quantum [ clarification needed ] field equation accurately describing electrons, Heisenberg put matter on the same footing as electromagnetism : as being described by relativistic quantum field equations which allowed the possibility of particle creation and destruction.

In mid, Heisenberg presented his theory of the positron. From to , Heisenberg was a Privatdozent at Göttingen , meaning he was qualified to teach and examine independently, without having a chair.

In the subsequent series of papers with Max Born and Pascual Jordan , during the same year, his matrix formulation of quantum mechanics was substantially elaborated. It was in Copenhagen, in , that Heisenberg developed his uncertainty principle , while working on the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics. He briefly returned to this topic after World War II.

Heisenberg enjoyed classical music and was an accomplished pianist. He received his doctorate in at Munich under Sommerfeld. His seminal paper, " Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen " "Quantum theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations" , was published in September On 1 May , Heisenberg began his appointment as a university lecturer and assistant to Bohr in Copenhagen.

Werner Heisenberg - Wikipedia

In Heisenberg arrived in Munich as a member of the Freikorps to fight the Bavarian Soviet Republic established a year earlier. Heisenberg also made contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulent flows , the atomic nucleus , ferromagnetism , cosmic rays , and subatomic particles. He was also instrumental in planning the first West German nuclear reactor at Karlsruhe , together with a research reactor in Munich , in He was director of the institute until it was moved to Munich in His father was a secondary school teacher of classical languages who became Germany's only ordentlicher Professor ordinarius professor of medieval and modern Greek studies in the university system.

Werner Karl Heisenberg pronounced [ˈvɛʁnɐ kaʁl ˈhaɪzn̩bɛʁk] listen ; 5 December — 1 February [2] was a German theoretical physicist and one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics.

[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Werner Heisenberg]

On 23 February, Heisenberg wrote a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli , in which he first described his new principle. His thinking on Dirac's theory and further development of the theory were set forth in two papers. In June , Sommerfeld took Heisenberg to Göttingen to attend the Bohr Festival , because Sommerfeld had a sincere interest in his students and knew of Heisenberg's interest in Niels Bohr 's theories on atomic physics.

Heisenberg was raised and lived as a Lutheran Christian. Heisenberg's doctoral thesis , the topic of which was suggested by Sommerfeld, was on turbulence ; [19] the thesis discussed both the stability of laminar flow and the nature of turbulent flow. In early , Heisenberg and Pauli submitted the first of two papers laying the foundation for relativistic quantum field theory.

He recounted philosophical conversations with his fellow students and teachers about understanding the atom while receiving his scientific training in Munich, Göttingen and Copenhagen. Elisabeth was the daughter of a well-known Berlin economics professor, and her brother was the economist E. Schumacher , author of Small Is Beautiful. Heisenberg married her on 29 April.

At Göttingen, under Born, he completed his habilitation in with a Habilitationsschrift habilitation thesis on the anomalous Zeeman effect. The problem of stability was investigated by the use of the Orr—Sommerfeld equation , a fourth-order linear differential equation for small disturbances from laminar flow. In January , Heisenberg met Elisabeth Schumacher — at a private music recital.

Fraternal twins Maria and Wolfgang were born in January , whereupon Wolfgang Pauli congratulated Heisenberg on his "pair creation"—a word play on a process from elementary particle physics, pair production. He is known for the uncertainty principle , which he published in Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the creation of quantum mechanics".

During Heisenberg's tenure at Leipzig, the high quality of the doctoral students and post-graduate and research associates who studied and worked with him is clear from the acclaim many later earned. In , Heisenberg was appointed ordentlicher Professor professor ordinarius of theoretical physics and head of the department of physics at the University of Leipzig ; he gave his inaugural lecture there on 1 February In his first paper published from Leipzig, [32] Heisenberg used the Pauli exclusion principle to solve the mystery of ferromagnetism.

At the event, Bohr was a guest lecturer and gave a series of comprehensive lectures on quantum atomic physics and Heisenberg met Bohr for the first time, which had a lasting effect on him. Five decades later he recalled those days as youthful fun, like "playing cops and robbers and so on; it was nothing serious at all;" [11] his duties were restricted to "seizing bicycles or typewriters from 'red' administrative buildings", and guarding suspected "red" prisoners.

He published his work in in a major breakthrough paper. In , from a cloud chamber photograph of cosmic rays , the American physicist Carl David Anderson identified a track as having been made by a positron.